KERALA PSC / INDIAN GEOGRAPHY / MINERAL RESOURCES /
NOTES / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE
KERALA PSC / INDIAN GEOGRAPHY / MINERAL RESOURCES /
NOTES / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE
·
India’s
major mineral resources include Coal (third-largest reserves in the world),
Iron ore, Manganese, Mica, Bauxite, titanium Ore, Chromite, Natural gas,
diamonds, petroleum, limestone and thorium (world’s largest along Kerala’s
shores).
·
India
also exports iron ore, titanium, manganese, bauxite, granite, and imports
cobalt, mercury, graphite etc…
·
India
ranks 3rd in production of coal & lignite, 2nd in
barites, 4th in iron ore, 5th in bauxite and crude steel,
7th in manganese ore and 8th in aluminium.
·
Iron
ore is the backbone of modern civilization. Varieties of Iron Ore: Magnetite:
the best quality of iron ore and contains 72% pure iron. Haematite: contains
60 to 70% pure iron. Limonite: contains 40 to 60% pure iron.
·
Jharkhand
has the largest reserves accounting for about 25% of the total reserves of iron
ore in India.
·
India’s
richest haematite deposits are located in Barabilkoira valley in Orissa.
·
The
Bailadila mine is the largest mechanized mine in Asia from where iron ore is
exported to Japan through Vishakhapatnam.
·
Japan
is the biggest buyer of Indian iron ore.
·
India
has the second largest manganese ore reserves in the world after Zimbabwe.
·
India
is the fifth largest producer in the world after Brazil, Gabon, South Africa
and Australia.
·
The
main reserves are found in Karnataka, followed by Orissa, Madhya Pradesh,
Maharashtra and Goa.
·
Raniganj
(West Bengal), Jharia (Bihar), Singrauli (Madhya Pradesh) and Korba
(Chhattisgarh) are the major coal fields in India.
·
Marble
is found largely in Rajasthan.
·
State
with the largest mineral deposit in Jharkhand.
·
Jharkhand
is the state with highest mineral output in India.
·
Chottanagpur
plateau is the richest mineral belt of India.
·
India’s
contribution to gold production across the world is less than one percent
(0.75%)
·
Karnataka
is the largest
producer of gold followed by Andhra Pradesh.
·
There
are mainly three gold fields in India:
Ø
Kolar
gold field in Karnataka
Ø
Hutti
gold field in Karnataka
Ø
Ramgiri
gold field in Anantapur
district of Andhra Pradesh
·
Silver
is mainly produced from Zawar mines of Udaipur district in Rajasthan.
·
Orissa
has the largest
deposits of Nickel.
·
Bituminous
coal is found in Jharkhand and Bihar and Ranigunj in West Bengal. Lignite coals
are found in Neyveli in Tamilnadu.
·
India
ranks third in the world after China and USA in coal production.
·
Lignite
also known as brown coal. It is a lower grade coal and contains about 40 to 55%
carbon.
·
It
is found in Rajasthan, Neyveli of Tamil Nadu, Assam and Jammu and Kashmir
·
Jharia
in Jharkhand has been recognized as the store house of the best metallurgical
coal in the country.
·
Coal
India Ltd produces the largest quantity of coal in India followed by Singareni
Collieries Comp Ltd.
·
Assam
is the oldest oil producing state in India.
·
Digboi
in Assam is the oldest oil well of India
·
Natural
gas fields are Ankleshwar and Cambay in Gujarat, Bombay high and Assam.
·
The
first successful oil well was dunk at Digboi in 1889
·
Bombay
High is the offshore oil field located in the coast of Maharashtra.
·
Oil
Refineries with the largest refining capacity: Reliance Petroleum Ltd,
Jamnagar, Indian Oil Corp Ltd, Koyali
·
The
Panna diamond belt is the only diamond producing area in the country, which
covers the districts of Panna, Chatarpur and Satna in Madhya Pradesh, as well
as some parts of Banda in Uttar Pradesh.
·
Bauxite
deposits are found in Western Bihar, southwest Kashmir, Central Tamil Nadu, and
parts of Kerala, UP, Maharashtra and Karnataka.
·
Bauxite
is exported to countries such as China, Korea, Ukraine, Saudi Arabia.
·
With
the recent spurt in world demand for chromite, India has stepped up its
production to reach the third rank among the chromite producers of the world.
·
Recent
discoveries of Krishna-Godawari off-shore basin and Rava field will have big
contribution in the field of gas production in India.
·
Jharkhand
is the leading producer of mica. Bihar, Rajasthan, and Andhra Pradesh also produce mica.
·
Japan
(19%) and USA (17%) are the major buyers of our mica.
·
Limestone
with more than 10% magnesium is called dolomite, when the percentage rises to
45, it becomes true dolomite
·
Iron
and steel industry is the chief consumer of dolomite (an ore of calcium)
·
About
90% dolomite reserves are concentrated in Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Orissa,
Gujarat, Karnataka, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra.
·
Rajasthan
is the largest producer of Asbestos followed by Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka.
·
Gypsum
is mainly used in making ammonia sulphate fertilizer and in cement industry.
Rajasthan is the main producer followed by Jammu and Kashmir.
·
Major
deposits of magnesite (ore of magnesium) are found in Uttaranchal, Tamil Nadu
and Rajasthan.
·
Jharkhand
is the largest producer of Kyanite (ore of potassium) in India followed
by Maharashtra and Karnataka.
·
In
Sillimanite (silicate of aluminium) production, Orissa contributes
55.87% of the total production, followed by Kerala and Maharashtra.
·
In
salt production, rock salt is taken out in Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh.
Sambhar lake in Rajasthan produces about 10% of annual production. And Gujarat
coast produces nearly half of our salt.
·
Uranium
deposits occur in Jadugoda of Singhbhum and Hazaribagh districts of Jharkhand.
·
Thorium,
a likely future substitute for Uranium as a fission material in atomic
reactors, occurs in considerable quantities as ThO2, in the beach sands of
Kerala coast.
·
Monazite
deposits of commercial value are found in about 160kms between Cape Comorin and
Kollam in Kerala.
·
Thorium
is also derived from monazite. Zirconium is also found in Kerala coast.
· Uranium compounds occurs in Singhbhum – cop – per belt of Jharkhand, Aravalli’s and central Himalaya.
KERALA PSC / INDIAN GEOGRAPHY / MINERAL RESOURCES /
NOTES / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE
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