All in One

Thursday, 29 October 2026

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / FRENCH REVOLUTION (1789) / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / FRENCH REVOLUTION (1789) / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES

· The century from 1750 to 1850 is known as the ‘Age of Revolutions’

· 18^th century is known as the ‘Age of Enlightenment’

· 18^th century is also known as ‘Age of Reason’

· Voltaire, Rousseau and Montesquieu were the prominent philosophers who gave inspiration to the French people

· French society on the eve of Revolution was divided into three Estates: Clergy, Nobles and Commons

· Louis XVI was the king of France when the revolution broke out (1774-1792)

· His wife was beautiful but ‘Empty Headed lady’ Mary Antoinette

· Like the Stuart kings of England, the bourbons of France also ruled by the Divine Right theory of Kingship. Louis XIV (1643-1715) who fully exploited the theory said “I am the state”

· The French Parliament was known as “Estates General”

· The Bastile Prison which was the symbol of monarch’s cruelty was broken by the third Estate on 14^th July 1789. Thus began the French Revolution

· July 14^th is observed as a national holiday in France every year in memory of this incident.

· Liberty, Equality and Fraternity the slogan of the French Revolution was given by Rousseau the French Philosopher and the author of “The Social Contract”

· His famous saying is “Man is born free but everywhere he is in chains”

· Louise Phillippe was the Emperor of France from 1830-1848 AD. He shunned the traditional symbols of monarchy and came to be known as the ‘Citizen King’

· Napolean Bonaparte (1769-1821) is known as the “Child of the French Revolution”.

· Napolean Bonaparte was born in Corsica, an island in the Meditteranean sea in 1769. He proclaimed himself the emperor of France in 1804. He was defeated by the English in 1813 and deported to Elba. But later he recaptured power. But after his final defeat in the Battle of Water Loo he was deported to St. Helena Island. There he died in 1821. The Government formed by Napolean in France was known as Consulate. The Bank of France was established by Napolean.

· French Philosopher Rousseau is the author of books such as Emile, Confessions, Social contract etc…

· The most important work of Montesquieu is “The Spirit of Laws”

· French Revolution resulted in the destruction of feudalism in France

· French Revolution gave the term ‘nation’, its modern meaning

· Elysee Palace is the official residence of French President

· Now the term of French President is five years, earlier it was seven years

· Franc is French currency

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / FRENCH REVOLUTION (1789) / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / AMERICAN PRESIDENTS / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / AMERICAN PRESIDENTS / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES

· The figures of four American Presidents are engraved on the Mount Rushmor

· The term of American President is four years

· Only American President who got all the electoral votes: George Washington

· The birth place of George Washington: Virginia

· George Washington died on 1799 December 14

· First Vice President of America: John Adams

· First American Lady who advocated for the rights of women: Abey Gale Smith (wife of John Adams)

· James Madison is known as the ‘Father of American constitution’

· American President who was entrusted to prepare American Constitution: Thomas Jefferson

· Last military officer of the American revolution to become the President of America: James Munroe

· First American President who was the son of a former President: John Kwinsy Adams

· ‘Kitchen Cabinet’ prevailed during the period of Andrew Jackson

· First American President to die in harness: Wilham Henry Harrison

· First American President who was subjected to impeachment: John Tailor

· American President who chose the site for White House: Herbert Hover

· American President who worked as the Chairman of UN Human Rights Committee: Elenar Roosevelt

· American President who gave orders to drop atom bomb in Hiroshima and Nagasaki: Harry. S Truman

· American President who was known as Smiling President: Eisonhower

· First Roman Catholican born in 20^th century to become the President of America: John F Kennedy

· Who shot dead John F Kennedy: Lee Harvey Oswald

· John F Kennedy’s assassination was the first live broadcast murder in the world.

· First Vice President to became President while the President was alive: Jerald R Ford

· Watergate Incident (1972) is related to: Richard Nixon

· Oldest President of America: Ronald Reagon

· The agreement to give back Panama Canal to the nation of Panamas was signed during the term of Jimmy Carter as President

· American Presidents who got Nobel Prize for Peace: Theodor Roosevelt, Jimmy Carter, Wudrow Wilson

· First Bachelor President of America: James Buccanan

· Tallest American President: Abraham Lincoln

· The first American President to be assassinated was Abraham Lincoln

· Other American Presidents who were assassinated:

Ø James A Garfield in 1881

Ø William McKinley in 1901

Ø John F Kennedy in 1963

· First to be elected for a second term as President – George Washington

· First to get married while he was President: Grover Cleaveland

· American President who is known as ‘Black Horse’: James K Polk

· Which American President is known as ‘Human Chain’: Benjamin Harrison

· First American to win Nobel Prize for Peace: Theodor Roosevelt (1906)

· First American President who later became Chief Justice: William Haward Daft

· First American Citizen to become American President: Martin Von Buran

· Ronald Reagan was the only film star who became American President.

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / AMERICAN PRESIDENTS / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / IMPORTANT BATTLES / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / IMPORTANT BATTLES / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES

· Hundred Years War (1337-1453): England and France

· Seven Years War (1756-1763): French were defeated by the English

· Battle of Trafalgar (1805): British fleet (under Nelson) defeated the combined fleet of France and Spain

· Battle of Water Loo (1815): British force led by Duke of Wellington defeated French force led by Napolean Bonaparte

· Opium War (1839-1842): China and Britain

· Crimean War (1853-1856): War between Russia and the alliance of England, France, Turkey and Sardinia

· Boer War (1899-1902): Fought in south Africa between the British and the Boers (settlers of Dutch descent in South Africa)

· World War I (1914-1918): Germany (with Austria, Hungry) against Britain (with Russia, France, Japan, Canada and Belgium)

· World War II (1935-1945): Axis powers (Germany, Italy and Japan) against the Allies (Great Britain, USA, USSR, China) Axis powers were defeated.

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / IMPORTANT BATTLES / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / AMERICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / AMERICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES

· The American war of independence was fought between the American colonies and the Britain. The leader of colonies was George Washington.

· The Navigation act was passed in 1651

· The Stamp Act was passed in 1765

· The Town Shend Act was passed in 1767. These Acts were passed to control and exploit the colonies.

· The Boston Tea Party of 1773 was associated with the American Revolution. To protest against the tax on tea, the revolutionaries threw tea boxes from the ship anchored in the Boston Port. This incident is known as Boston Tea Party

· “No taxation without representation” was the famous slogan associated with the American Revolution

· The representatives of the 13 colonies met at the First Continental Congress at Philadelphia in 1774

· Third Philadelphia Congress was met in 1776 and it adopted the Declaration of Independence in 4^th July 1776

· The Declaration of American Independence was drafted by Thomas Jefferson

· By the Treaty of Paris in 1783, the United States of America came to being

· The Constitution of America was adopted in 1789.

· The Civil War in America was during 1861-65

· Abraham Lincoln was the President during Civil War

· The city of Chicago in America has the largest number of rail roads

· ‘Uncle Tom’s Cabin’ of Harriet Beechstowe was published for the first time in 1852

· Statue of Liberty is situated in the Liberty Island in the New York Port. It has 91-meter height

· Eagle is the National bird of America

· American women got voting right in 1920

· John Jai (1789-95) was the first Chief Justice of America

· Baseball is the National game of America

· Golden Rod is the National Symbol of America

· The residence of American President got the name White House during the period of Theodor Roosevelt

· George Washington is the father of America

· He became the President of America in 1789

· Thomas Jefferson was the third President of America

· First modern census was held in America in 1790

· 49^th Parallel separates America and Canada

· Chicago International Airport is the world’s busiest airport

· Grand Canyon in the Colarado river in America is the biggest Gorge in the world

· United States Library of Congress is the largest library in the world

· American Museum of Natural History is the largest museum in the world

· Port of New-York and New Jersy is the largest port in the world

· Grant Central Terminal in New York city is the biggest railway station in the world

· Yerkis Observatory of Illinois University has the largest refractor telescope

· ‘General Sherman’ in California is the biggest tree in the world

· Coast Redwood in the Redwood National Park in California is the tallest tree in the world.

· USA has two political parties – Republicans and Democrates

· Great Depression striked America in 1930’s

· There are 50 states and one district in the USA

· District of Columbia (Washington DC) on the banks of Potomak river is Americas capital district

· New York is the largest city in America

· Chicago is known as the City of Winds

· New York city is situated on the banks of Hudson river.

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / AMERICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES