All in One

Wednesday, 28 October 2026

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / MAJOR RELIGIONS OF THE WORLD / ISLAM / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / MAJOR RELIGIONS OF THE WORLD / ISLAM / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES

· Hijas is known as the birthplace of Islam. The Island which includes Hijas is known as the Island of Arabs

· Ka aba was the ancient worshipping centre in Mecca

· Muhammed Nabi was born in AD 570 in the Khuraisi tribe in Mecca. His father was Abdulla and mother was Amina

· The Word Islam was originated from the root of Aslama

· Invisible forces which acts as per the directions of the god are known as Malakku

· Khadeeja was the first to receive the message of Muhammed

· Muhammed Nabi fled from the Mecca to Medina to escape from the Khuraisis on 24^th September AD 622. This day is known as Hijra

· The followers who accompanied Muhammed to Medina are known as Muhajirs.

· He died on 8^th June 632 AD at Medina

· Koran, Hadis and Ijmah are the basis of Islamic law

· Khalifa became the head of Islam after the death of Muhammed

· Abu Beker, Umar, Usman and Ali were the Khalifas

· In 1924 Mustafa Kamal Pasha of Turkey abolished the title of Khalifa

· Koran is the codification of revelations given through the Gabriel Angel to Muhammed.

· It contains 114 chapters. It took 22 years to have the complete revelations to Nabi

· Koran was codified in AD 633 during the period of Khalifa Abu Beker

· There are two divisions in Islam – Shias and Sunnis

· Shias are the followers of Ali

· Iran is the only Shia majority nation in the world.

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / MAJOR RELIGIONS OF THE WORLD / ISLAM / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / MAJOR RELIGIONS OF THE WORLD / CHRISTIANITY / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / MAJOR RELIGIONS OF THE WORLD / CHRISTIANITY / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES

· Christianity was originated from Judaism

· Jesus Christ was born in 4 BC at Bethlahem in the small town of Nasreth in Galeleo

· King Herodos of Yuda was a contemporary of Jesus Christ

· Roman emperors Augustus and Thiberius Caesar had direct contact to Jesus Christ

· Those who believe in the life, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ came to be known as Christians.

· Christianity was spread to Kerala by St.Thomas Aposthel in 52 AD (Crangannore)

· Bible has four Gospels. They are the Gospels of Mathews, Markose, Yohannan and Lukose.

· Christ was crucified by the Jews in 29 AD

· Christ spoke in the Aramic Language which was a mixture of Cyriac and Hebrew

· Roman Emperor Constantine gave freedom to the Roman Christians through his Milan Proclamation (AD 313)

· Theodosius proclaimed Christianity as state religion

· The word ‘Bible’ means book

· Bible is divided into two – Old Testament and New Testament

· ‘Revelation’ is the last book of Bible

· Tamil was the first Asian language in which Bible was printed (1715)

· Ponthios Pelathos was the Roman Governor who tried Jesus Christ.

· Crusification of Christ was on a Friday, now it is observed as ‘Good Friday’.

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / MAJOR RELIGIONS OF THE WORLD / CHRISTIANITY / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / MAJOR RELIGIONS OF THE WORLD / JUDAISM / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / MAJOR RELIGIONS OF THE WORLD / JUDAISM / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES

· Judaism is one of the oldest religions of the world

· Abraham is considered as the father of the Jews

· Jews are the believers of one God, Jehovah

· Jews are the selected people of Jehovah

· Mosses is considered as the founder of Judaism

· Mosses freed Egypt from slavery and gave the “Ten Commandments” at the Mount of Senai

· Judaism is considered as the mother religion of Christianity and Islam

· ‘Thorah’ is the Sacred text of the Jews

· Thorah is included in the Old Testament of Bible

· The Hebrew word ‘Thorah’ means ‘to lead’

· Synagogue is the worshipping centre of the Jews

· Jerusalem was the famous pilgrim centre of the Jews

· The worshipping centre in Jerusalem was constructed by King Solomon in BC 1000

· It was destructed by the Babilonian king Nebukanisar in 587 BC

· Jerusalem is an equally holy place for the Jews, the Christians and the Muslims.

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / MAJOR RELIGIONS OF THE WORLD / JUDAISM / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / ROMAN CIVILIZATION / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / ROMAN CIVILIZATION / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES

· Roman Civilization developed on the banks of river Tiber in Italy

· City of Rome was known as “City of Seven Hills”

· City of Rome was founded in BC 753 by two brothers Romulas and Romus

· The idea of Republic originated in Rome

· ‘Senate’ was the Roman Assembly of Elders

· Punic Wars were fought between Rome and Carthage

· Julius Caesar one of the prominent rulers of Rome was born in 102 BC

· Julius Caesar was assassinated in 44 BC by Casius, Brutus and other senators. “I came, I saw, I conquered” His famous saying

· Caesar modified the Old Calendar which had only 355 days, New Calendar came to be known as Julian Calendar

· Later this calendar was modified by Pope Gregory XIII and came to be known as Gregorian Calendar

· ‘Caesarism’ means autocracy or imperial supremacy

· Constantine was the first Roman king who accepted Christianity

· The city of Constantinople was founded by Constantine

· Ottoman Turks captured Constantinople in 1453

· The Greatest contribution of Romans to the world is their code laws

· Vergil the author of ‘Aenid’ was a famous Roman poet

· Lucricius the author of “On the Nature of Things” was a famous Epicurian Philosopher

· Pliny wrote the famous book ‘Historia Naturalis’

· Romans were the inventors of concrete and the technique of binding stone and bricks

· “The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire” is a famous book written by Edward Gibbon.

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / ROMAN CIVILIZATION / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / MACEDONIAN EMPIRE / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / MACEDONIAN EMPIRE / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES

· Mascedonia was a Greek city state. It became a prominent empire under its king Philip II (359-336 BC)

· Alexander the Great, the son and successor of Philip II, was born in 356 BC and became the ruler in 337 BC

· Alexander defeated the Persian ruler Darius III

· Alexander captured Egypt and founded the city of Alexandria there

· Alexander invaded India in 326 BC and defeated Porus

· He died at the age of 33 in 323 BC at Babilonia

· Ptolemy, a commander of Alexander is considered as the Father of Cartography

· Archemedes the originator of the law of specific gravity lived in the Hellenistic Age

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / MACEDONIAN EMPIRE / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / GREEK CIVILIZATION / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / GREEK CIVILIZATION / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES

· Greek Civilization dates back to 800 BC

· Greece is in the European continent

· Greece is one the coast of Mediterranean Sea

· The civilization existed in Greece, before the Greeks was known as Aegean Civilization

· Early Greek immigrants were known as Ionians

· Greeks were collectively known as Hellenes. Hence their civilization was known as Hellenistic Civilization

· Homer, a blind poet, composed Greek epics ‘Illiad’ and ‘Odyssey’

· Homer lived in the 9^th century BC

· Democracy originated in Greece. Greek Democracy was direct democracy.

· Greek civilization reached the Zenith of its progress during the period of Pericles, a ruler of Athens. His age is considered as the ‘Golden Age of Athens’. Under Pericles the city of Athens got the name “The School of Hellas”.

· The civilization of Greek city states is known a ‘Classical civilization’

· Athens, Sparta, Corinth, Thebes, Mascedonia etc… were the major city states in Greece

· Pindar was a famous Greek Lyric Poet

· Aesceles was the greatest of the Greek dramatists, who wrote famous tragedies.

· Greeks were the first to introduce Vowels in the alphabet

· Euripides and Aristophenes were the other famous Greek dramatists

· Herodotus who, wrote about the Persian war was a Greek historian. He is considered as the Father of History

· Demosthenese was a world famous Greek orator

· Thales of Meletus is considered as the father of Greek Mathematics

· Pythagoras who made great contributions in Geometry was a Greek

· Anaxagoras, Euclid etc…., were famous Greek Mathematicians

· Hippocrates, who is considered as the father of Medical Science was a Greek

· Leopold Van Ranke, a German historian is considered as the father of Modern history

· Thucydides another great Greek historian wrote the history of the Peloponnesian war between Athens and Sparta

· Socrates the Greatest of the Greek philosophers was forced to commit suicide by drinking Hemlock a poison, in 399 BC

· Zantippee was the wife of Socrates

· Plato was the student of Socrates

· Plato’s original name was Aristocles

· Plato founded a university named ‘Academy’ in Athens

· Republic was the famous work of Plato

· Aristotle was the famous student of Plato

· Aristotle was the tutor of Alexander the Great

· Aristotle founded a school named Lycium in Athens

· Aristotle is considered as the father of Biology, Politics and the Science of Reasoning

· Aristotle was considered as a ‘Walking University’.

· Hipparchus calculated the diameter of the Moon

· Erathosthenes calculated the circumstances of the Earth

· The first Olympic Games were held at Olympia in Greece in 776 BC

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / GREEK CIVILIZATION / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES