All in One

Sunday, 1 November 2026

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / JAPAN / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / JAPAN / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES

· Japan is an Island nation of the North Pacific

· The name Japan was originated from the name Zipangu used by Marco Polo in Italian language.

· The official name of Japan is Nippon or Nihon, which means the source of the Sun

· Japan is known as the ‘Land of Rising Sun’ or ‘Britain of the East’

· Iasu Tokugama who ruled Japan during enlightened rule (Meiji Age) which is known as the Golden Age of Japan

· First constitution of Japan came to force in 1889 and the Japanese Parliament Diet was formed.

· Geographically Japan is situated in “The Ring of fire” which is in the coast of the Pacific Ocean with lot of volcanoes.

· Mount Fujiyama is the highest mount in Japan

· In the first World War Japan was in the part of Allied Powers

· Japan joined the Second World War in 1940 on the part of Italy and Germany.

· America dropped an Atom Bomb named ‘Little Boy’ in Hiroshima from an aircraft named ‘Inola Gay’ on 6^th august 1945. Later another bomb ‘Fatman’ was dropped in Nagasaki from an aircraft named ‘Box car’ on 9^th August 1945. Japan surrendered before the Axis Powers on 2^nd September 1945. The treaty of surrender was signed in a ship named USS Missourie in the Bay of Tokyo.

· Kabuki is a form of stage drama in Japan

· Bunraku – a puppet theatre

· Sumo is a Japanese form of Wrestling

· Ikebana – Japanese style of flower arranging

· Sake – Rice wine made in Japan

· Cloisonne – A Japanese type of decorative enameling

· Origami – The Japanese art of folding paper into decorative objects

· Kawabata Yasunari is the first Japanese to win the Nobel Prize (1968) for literature. ‘Snow Country’ is the book authored by him.

· Junko Tabei first woman to climb mount Everest

· Manasobu Fukuvoka is the author of the famous book ‘One Straw Revolution’. He was a famous agricultural scientist.

· Jimmu Tenno: He was supposedly the first emperor of Japan. In 660 BC he became the Emperor

· Hirohito became the first Japanese emperor who travelled outside Japan in 1971

· World’s longest suspension bridge, the Akasi Kaikyo Bridge (1990 metres) is in Japan. It connects the Island of Honshee and the Island of Shikoku

· ‘Yomeeyerie Shimbon’ a Newspaper in Japan has the largest circulation in the world. It is also published in English with the name ‘Daily Yomiyurie’

· Japan has the largest fishing industry in the world.

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / JAPAN / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / LATIN AMERICAN NATIONALISM / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / LATIN AMERICAN NATIONALISM / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES

· Countries to the South of USA are collectively called Latin America

· Mexico, Central America, South America and the Islands of West Indies are the major parts of Latin America

· There are altogether 46 countries in Latin America. 33 independent nations and 13 dependent countries.

· Brazil is the largest Latin American Country in area and population

· Spanish is the most widely spoken language in Latin America

· Guarani is the language of Indian origin spoken in Paragua

· Quechua is the Indian language in Peru

· Aymara is the Indian Language Spoken in Bolivia

· Christopher Columbus was the first European to a reach Latin America

· Francisco De Miranda (1750-1816) was one of the most important leaders of Latin America. He fought for the liberation of Venezuela and came out victorious in 1910 and it proclaimed its independence in 1911

· Simon Bolivor (1783-1830) worked for the liberation of Columbia, Venezuela, Equador, Peru and Bolivia. He is considered as the father of their nation by all these countries. He is known as the ‘Liberator’ or ‘the Washington of South’.

· San Martin (1778-1850) another famous Latin American leader worked for the liberation of Argentina, Chilli and Peru

· Brazil got independence from Spain in 1822

· Fidel Castro came to power in Cuba in 1959

· Due to health reason Cuban President Fidel Castro transferred his power to his brother Raul Castro

· Panama got the Panama Canal from US in 1999

· Panama Canal was opened in 1914. Panama Canal connects the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans

· Soccer (Football) is the most important game of Latin American countries

· Aguaretiente is a liquor obtained from sugarcane used in Latin America

· Latin American Tea is known as Mate

· Most of the Latin American countries follow Christianity

· Brazilian dance is known as Samba

Ø Cuba - Conga

Ø Argentina - Tango

Ø Bolivia & Chile - Cueca

Ø Mexico - Jarabe Tapatio

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / LATIN AMERICAN NATIONALISM / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / MIDDLE EAST CONFLICT / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / MIDDLE EAST CONFLICT / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES

· Israel Palestine conflict is popularly called Middle-East Conflict. The conflict became worse by the formation of Israel in Palestine in 1948. In the battle that occurred in 1948, Israel came out victorious

· Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) was formed in 1964 to defeat Israel

· In the 1967 Arab-Israel battle which lasted for six days, Israel came out victorious

· The Israel-Palestine Peace Treaty was signed in 1994 and PLO supremo sworn in as the head of Palestine National Authority

· The historic Israel-PLO agreement was signed in Washington on September 28, 1995. River Wye Agreement was signed by Israel and Palestine for solving the crisis

· Golan Height was a place captured by Israel from Syria in 1967

· West Bank: This place was captured by Israel from Jordan. As per the peace treaty o 1994 the administrative authority of this place was given to Palestine National Authority.

· Gaza Strip is in the Egypt. It was captured by Israel in the 1967 battle and as per the treaty of 1994 it was handed over to Palestine National Authority.

· Sinai Peninsula: This place was also captured from Egypt in the 1967 war and handed over to Palestine in 1982.

· The official name of Israel is Medinat Israel.

· Hebrew and Arabic are the official languages of Israel.

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / MIDDLE EAST CONFLICT / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / BIG POWERS AND COLD WAR / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / BIG POWERS AND COLD WAR / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES

· The United States of America, the Soviet Union, Britain, France and China were regarded as the big powers since the end of the Second World War (1945). Among them, the United States and the Soviet Union were the Super Powers

· There was much co-operation among the Big Powers during the War. But later there aroused mutual suspicion among them and Cold War began.

· The Cold War was a war of words or ideologies and of nerves. This Cold War created great international tension. The Cold War was announced by Winston Churchill in his famous “iron curtain” speech at Fulton, Missourie in 1946.

· The word ‘Cold War’ was first coined by Bernard Baruch 1946

· The years 1945-47 are generally taken to mark the beginning of the Cold War

· The first ‘shot’ of Cold War was fired by Winston Churchill

· The US decision to intervene in the Greek Civil War may be considered as formally ushering in of the Cold War.

· The biggest crisis of the early stage of Cold War was the Berlin Blockade which began in 1948

· The formation of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in April 1949 was one of the most important aspects of Cold War

· In 1954 the US brought most of the South East Asian Countries under a common framework modelled on NATO called SEATO

· The Arab states formed CENTO in 1955. (Central Treaty Organization)

· The Cold War continued upto the collapse of Soviet Union in 1990

· HOTLINE is a telecommunication link established since 1963 between the Kremlin (Moscow) and White House (Washington DC, USA) to avoid misunderstanding. Now ‘hotline’ means a direct exclusive line of communication especially for an emergency.

· Warsaw Pact was a military alliance formed under the Soviet Union against NATO in 1955

· Now Russia is in a more or less stable condition under the Presidentship of Dmitri Medvedev

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / BIG POWERS AND COLD WAR / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / SECOND WORLD WAR (1939-45) / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / SECOND WORLD WAR (1939-45) / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES

· The Treaty of Versailles and the rise of the Nazi Party in Germany were the main causes of the war.

· The Soviet German Non-Aggression Pact was signed on August 23, 1939

· Hitler’s armies invaded Poland on 1^st September 1939

· On 3^rd September 1939 Britain and France declared war on Germany, thus began the Second World War.

· The Second World War was between The Axis Powers (Germany, Italy and Japan) and the Allied Powers (Britain, France, Russia,, USA, etc…)

· The German plan of conquering Britain during the Second World War was known as ‘Sea-Lion’

· German attack on Russia during the war was known as ‘Operation Barbosa’

· When the Second World War broke out, the US announced her neutrality

· In 7^th December 1941, the Japanese bombers attacked the US naval base at Pearl Harbour in Hawai

· On 8^th December 1941, US declared war on Japan. Thus US formally entered the Second World War

· Second World War became a Global war in 1941

· The first Atom Bomb was dropped in Hiroshima on August 6, 1945 by America. This bomb is known as ‘Little boy”.

· The second Atom Bomb was dropped in Nagasaki on August 9, 1945 it is known as ‘fat man’

· The first country to surrender in the war was Italy and last to surrender was Japan

· On 2^nd September 1945 Japan surrendered and the Second World War ended.

· The Axis powers lost the Second World War. This war led to the foundation of UNO in 1945

· The UN Charter was signed at San Francisco on 26^th June 1945 by fifty nations and UN came into force on 24^th October 1945

· The Nuremberg Trials were the trials of the major war criminals of the Second World War. It began on November 20, 1945.

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / SECOND WORLD WAR (1939-45) / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES