KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / FIRST WORLD WAR (1914-1918) / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES

 

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / FIRST WORLD WAR (1914-1918) / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / FIRST WORLD WAR (1914-1918) / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES

·      The murder of Arch Duke Ferdinant of Austria by a Serbian student Gavle Prince on June 28, 1914 was the immediate cause of the outbreak of the First World War (1914-1918)

·      The war was started by the declaration of war against Serbia by Austria-Hungry

·       The main combatants in the war were the Central Powers (Germany, Austria, Hungary, Turkey and Bulgaria) and the Allied Powers (England, France, Belgium, Serbia and Russia)

·      The Central Powers lost the war

·      The war ended with the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. (Versailles is a city near Paris)

·      Submarine warboat (U-boat) used by Germany in the war was a great menace.

·      Wudrow Wilson was the President of America during the first World War

·      Lloyd George was the British Prime Minister and Clemenceace was the French Prime Minister during the War.

·      The Treaty of Versailles was signed between the Allies and Germany on 28^th June 1919

·      The Treaty of St. Germain was signed by the Allies with Austria-Hungary in 1919

·      An armistice (Peace Agreement) was signed on November 11, 1918 to end the war. It was followed by a peace conference at Paris and the Treaty of Versailles in 1919

·      The Treaty of Versailles’ resulted in the foundation of League of Nations in 1919

·      League of Nations was formed on the basis of the ‘Fourteen Points’ put forward by Woodrow Wilson in 1918

·      League of Nations was the predescessor of the UNO

·      League of Nations was disbanded in 1945 and even before that is lost its importance in 1939 when the Second World War broke out.

·      The first World War was fought as ‘a war to end all wars’

·      One of th most important results of the First World War was the Great Depression which started in USA in 1929

·      Only one European country which was not affected by great depression was Russia

·      Three major powers during the interwar period were USA, USSR and Japan

·      Ku Klux Klan was a white terrorist gang working in America during the period of Great Depression.

 

Unification of Italy, and Fascism

·      After the decline of the Roman Empire Italy was divided into a number of small independent states.

·      Joseph Massini is known as the “Prophet of Italian Nationalism”

·      Massini founded ‘Young Italy’ in 1821

·      Garibaldi was another famous leader of Italian Nationalism. He founded an organization known as ‘Red Shirts’

·      The unification of Germany was completed in 1870

·      Political organizations which originated in Europe after the First World War were collectively known as Fascist Movements

·      The word ‘Fascism’ was originated from the Italian word ‘fasces’ which means ‘a bundle of rods and an axe’

·      Benitto Mussolini, the world’s first fascist dictator who came to power in Italy in 1922, is known as the father of Fascism

·      Mussolini organized his followers into the ‘Black shirts’

·      In October 1922 he organized a ‘March to Rome’ and took over as Prime Minister

·      Mussolini was against Socialism and Communism and formed an organization known “Fasci di Combattiment”

·      When Italy surrendered after the Second World War in 1945 Mussolini was captured and executed at Como

·      Italy was the first Axis Power to surrender in the First World War

 

Unification of Germany and Nazism

·      Germany was known as Prussia in olden times

·      The process of German Unification began when King William I appointed Otto Von Bismark as his Prime Minister in 1862

·      Bismark is known as the ‘Iron man of Germany’

·      His policy was known as ‘Blood and Iron Policy’

·      ‘Customs Union’ was an organization which supported German unification indirectly

·      Bismark is known as ‘Iron Chancellor’

·      Nazism in Germany was a German form of Fascism in Italy

·      Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) was the leader of the Nazi Party in Germany. He was known as the Fuehrer (Leader). Hitler was born in Austria in 1889

·      National socialist German Workers Party founded in 1920 was known as Nazi Party

·      Nazi party wanted the exclusion of Jews from German citizenship

·      The supporters of Nazi Party were known as Sturn Abteilung or ‘Brown Shirts’

·      Hitler became the head of Nazi Party in 1923

·      Hitler wrote his autobiography “Mein Kampf” (My Struggle) while he was in Jail.

·      Hitler became the Chancellor of Germany on 30^th January 1933

·      In 1935 under the Nuremberg Law German Jews were deprived of their citizenship.

·      Hitler became the President of Germany in 1934 when Hindenburg died.

·      Secret Police force of Hitler was known as ‘Gustapo’

·      Hitler committed suicide along with his wife Iva Brown after the failure of Second World War in 1945, April 30

·      Bismark is known as the father of German Integration and Helmet Kohl is known as father of German Unity. It was under Helmet Kohl that two Germanies’ united in 1991

·      In 2005 Angela Merckel became the first woman Chancellor of Germany.

KERALA PSC / WORLD HISTORY / FIRST WORLD WAR (1914-1918) / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY / NOTES