KERALA PSC / INDIAN GEOGRAPHY / MAJOR INDUSTRIES IN
INDIA / NOTES / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE
KERALA PSC / INDIAN GEOGRAPHY / MAJOR INDUSTRIES IN
INDIA / NOTES / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE
·
The
first Industrial Policy was brought in 1948
·
Major
industries include telecommunications, textiles, jute and sugar industries,
chemicals, food processing, steel, transportation equipment, cement, mining,
petroleum, machinery, information technology enabled services and
pharmaceuticals.
·
Some
of the major items manufactured in India are computers, communication
equipment, broad-casting and strategic electronics, television sets, microwave
ovens, and washing machines
·
The
Industrial policy adopted by the Government of India envisages a mixed economy,
ie, the co-existence of public and private sectors.
·
Textile
Industries includes cotton, jute, wool, silk and synthetic fiber textiles
·
Cotton
textiles is the oldest industry in India. It has the largest number of workers
employed in an industry.
·
Maharashtra,
Gujarat, UP, MP, West Bengal and Tamil Nadu are leading in cotton textile
production.
·
Kanpur
is famous for textiles and clothing, large modern tanneries, leather works and
shoe manufacturing
·
Sholapur
is famous for important textiles based on cotton grown in local regur soils.
·
The
first modern cotton textile mill was established in Bombay in 1851
·
Dharwar
Belgaum are known for cotton textiles, railway and general engineering goods.
·
The
first modern cotton mill was established in 1818 at Ghoosury (West Bengal)
·
The
first jute mill was started in 1855 at Rishra near Kolkata
·
West
Bengal is the largest producer of jute followed by Bihar, Assam and Orissa
·
The
modern woolen textile industry was started with the establishment of Lal Imli
at Kanpur in 1876
·
The
main wool producing state are Rajasthan, Punjab, Jammu & Kashmir,
Karnataka, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra and
Haryana.
·
Punjab
is the largest producer of woolen textile and Maharashtra is the 2nd
largest producer.
·
Ludhiana
produces 90% of woolens in India and is also known as the Manchester of
India.
·
Tirupur
has gained universal recognition as the leading source of hosiery, knitted
garments, casual wear and sportswear.
·
India
is the only country producing all the five known commercial varieties of silk,
viz. Mulberry, Tasar (Tropical), Oak Tasar, Eri and Muga.
·
Karnataka
is the largest producer of silk. Second position goes to West Bengal
·
First
modern silk factory – was set up at Howrah in 1832
·
Assam
is the largest producer of muga silk in country
·
India
is the third largest producer of cellulosic fibre and fifth largest producer of
synthetic fibre in the world.
·
First
mill |(Travancore Rayons Ltd) was opened at Rayapuram in Kerala in 1950
·
India
is fifteenth in services output. It provides employment to 23% of work force,
and it is growing fast.
·
In
2009, seven Indian IT firms were listed among the top 15 technology outsourcing
companies in the world.
·
In
1870, the first steel industry, ‘Bengal Iron Company’ was set up at Kulti, West
Bengal.
·
Three
integrated steel plants were set up at Bhilai, Durgapur and Rourkela. Later two
more steel plants, at Bokaro and Vishakhapatnam, were set up. Private sector
plants, of which the Tata Iron and steel Company (TISCO), Jamshedpur is the
biggest.
·
Bhilai
plant was set up in collaboration with Russia on the Kolkata – Nagpur Railway
line in the Durg district (Chhatisgarh).
·
Rourkela
steel plant in Orissa was set up under the second five year plan in association
with Germany.
·
Bokaro,
the biggest plant in Asia was set up under the fourth five-year plan in
association with the Russian Government. It is located in Jharkhand.
·
The
public sector steel plants are managed by the steel Authority of India (SAIL).
SAIL was established in 1973.
·
India
is now the eighth largest producer of steel in the world.
·
The
first on-shore steel plant in India was set up at Vishakhapatnam
·
Indian
Aluminium Corporation Ltd was formed in 1937
·
BALCO
came into being in
1965, NALCO in 1981.
·
Aluminium
companies with the highest sales in descending order – HINDALCO, NALCO, INDAL,
MALCO
·
Indian
Copper Corporation was set up in 1924 which was taken over by Hindustan Copper
Ltd (established in 1967), in 1972
·
Presently,
there are four zinc smelters in the country – Alwaye (Kerala), Debari and
Chanderi (Rajasthan) and Vishakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh).
·
The
first lead smelting plant was set up at Tundoo near Dhanbad by Metal
Corporation of India. It was taken over the Hindustan Zinc Ltd.
·
Among
the Third-World countries, India is a major exporter of heavy and light engineering
goods. The engineering industry has shown its capacity to manufacture
large-size plants and equipment for various sectors like power, fertilizer and
cement.
·
Heavy
Engineering Corporation Ltd was set up at Ranchi (Jharkhand) in 1958
·
Kirloskar
Brother Ltd is the
pioneer company in the manufacturing of machine tools.
·
Hindustan
Machine Tools (HMT) is the largest manufacturer of machine tools in the
country.
·
Locomotives:
Chittaranjan
Locomotive Works, Diesel Locomotive Works (Varanasi), Tata Engineering and
Locomotive Works (Jamshedpur).
·
The
Integral Coach Factory at Perampur near Chennai was set up in 1955 with Swiss
collaboration.
·
Top
four automobile companies with the highest sales:
Ø
Tata
Motors
Ø
Maruti
Udyog Ltd.
Ø
Mahindra
& Mahindra Ltd.
Ø
Ashok
Leyland Ltd.
·
In
medium and heavy commercial vehicles, Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company
(TELCO) is the leading producer.
·
There
are four main centres of ship building industry at Vishakhapatnam, Kolkata,
Kochi and Mumbai
·
Hindustan
Shipyard Ltd, Vishakhapatnam set up in 1941, is the first ship building yard in
the country to receive ISO-9001 certification.
·
Cochin
Shipyard Ltd, Kochi was incorporated in 1972. It also manufactures ships for
Indian Navy.
·
Mazgaon
Dock at Mumbai builds cargo ships, passenger ships, dredgers etc… for Indian
navy.
·
The
first aircraft industry was set up at Bangalore in 1940 under the name of
Hindustan Aircraft Ltd. Later, Hindustan Aircraft Ltd was merged into Aeronautics
India Ltd in 1964 to form Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd, Bangalore.
·
India
is the second largest producer of Bicycle in the world.
·
First
factory producing Bicycle was started in 1940 in Mumbai
·
Atlas
cycle, Hero Cycle are the largest bicycle manufacturing company in India.
·
Major
companies in integrated refining and marketing are HPCL, BPCL and IOC
·
Godavari
– Krishna delta is known for local tobacco, sugarcane, rice, oil, cement and
small textiles.
·
The
industry associated with sports materials mainly located at Agra, Meerut (UP),
Ludhiana, Jalandhar (Punjab) and Delhi.
·
Pinjore
in Haryana and Jalahalli in Banglore are associated with watch industry
·
Moradabad
is famous for brass utensils with engraving and polishing
·
Indian
Explosives factory is located at Gomia in Hazaribagh (Jharkhand)
·
First
fertilizer plant was set up at Ranipet of Tamil Nadu in 1906
·
First
public sector fertilizer plant is at Sindri (Jharkhand)
·
The
first super-phosphate factory was set up at Ranipet in Tamil Nadu in 1906
·
India
is now the third largest producer of nitrogenous fertilizers in the world.
·
Fertilizer
companies with the highest sales are National Fertilizer Ltd, Tata Chemicals
Ltd, Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers Ltd.
·
The
first successful attempt was made in 1912-13 when the Indian Cement Co Ltd set
up a plant in Porbander (Gujarat)
·
The
Indian Cement industry is the second largest in the world after that of China
·
Madhya
Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, are the leading producer of total cement production
in India.
·
Leather
industry is divided into two parts: tanning and leather goods
·
For
tanning, Kanpur, (1st tannery center), Chennai and Kolkata are three
largest centers
·
The
Central Leather Research Institute at Chennai is the largest of its kind in the
world.
·
Uttar
Pradesh is the leading
producer of glass in India followed by West Bengal and Maharashtra
·
Firozabad
in Agra district
is the largest producer of glass.
·
The
first synthetic rubber factory was started in Bareilly in 1955
·
The
first successful effort was made in 1870 with the setting up of the Royal
Bengal Paper Mills at Ballyganj near Kolkata
·
The
important centers for paper products are Lucknow, Titagarh, Raniganj, Pune,
Naihati etc…
·
Maharashtra
is the largest producer of paper followed by Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat
·
Uttar
Pradesh has the largest number of paper mills
·
Paper
companies with the highest sales are Ballarpur Industries Ltd, Orient Paper
& Industries Ltd and Tamil Nadu Newsprint & Paper Ltd.
·
West
Bengal is the leading state
in paper manufacturing
·
In
India, Jharkhand is the largest producer of Lac (50%), followed by
Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. India is the largest exporter in the world.
·
Lac
is obtained from an insect named Cerria lacca which live on trees.
·
Sugar
industry is the second largest agro-based industry in India after cotton
textile industry.
·
India
is the largest sugar producing country with over 15% share of the global
output.
·
India
is world’s largest producer of sugarcane and sugar as well
·
Maharashtra
is the largest sugar producer followed by Uttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
·
The
first match factory was set up at Ahmedabad in 1921
·
West
Bengal tops in the production of Match box, Tamil Nadu stands second.
KERALA PSC / INDIAN GEOGRAPHY / MAJOR INDUSTRIES IN
INDIA / NOTES / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE
