KERALA PSC / BIOLOGY / MEDICAL SCIENCE / INSTRUMENTS USED IN MEDICAL SCIENCE / NOTES / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY

 

KERALA PSC / BIOLOGY / MEDICAL SCIENCE / INSTRUMENTS USED IN MEDICAL SCIENCE / NOTES / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY

KERALA PSC / BIOLOGY / MEDICAL SCIENCE / INSTRUMENTS USED IN MEDICAL SCIENCE / NOTES / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY

Diagnostic Instrument

·      Electro Cardiography (ECG): It detects that changes in electrical potential generated by contraction of heart muscles, Willem Einthovan discovered ECG in 1906. It helps to diagnose heart disease.

·      Electro Encephalograph (EEG): It is used to measure electrical activity of brain, EEG is used to diagnose epilepsy, Encephalities, Dimentia and brain tumour. Hans Berger (1929) successfully recorded for the first time EEG of man.

·      Electromyography (EMG): Used to record muscles action potential

·      Auto Analyser: These are computerized instruments used for biochemical identification of various body fluids such as urea, cholesterol glucose, protein.

·      Sphygmo manometer: It is commonly called BP apparatus

·      Laproscope

 

Imaging Instrument

·      X-Ray: First important tool for imaging discovered by Wilhelm Roentgen in 1895

·      Tomography: used to create 3D images of internal parts

·      CT Scanning (Computed Tomographic Scanning): Developed by Godfrey Hounsfield in 1968 (Nobel Prize in 1979) used to scan internal parts through use of radioactive isotopes

·      CAT Scanning (Computerised Axial Tomography): It helps to show condition of soft tissues of body through use of X-ray. Widely used to image, brain tumour, abscess

·      Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): It was originally discovered 1946 independently by Felix Bloch and Purcell, MRI is a diagnostic technique that provide high quality cross sectioned or three dimensional image of the organ without using X-ray or radiation, it uses magnetic field and radio waves. Eg., specifically used in studying brain and spinal chord.

·      Ultra Sound Scanning (Echography or Sonography): used to reveal the structural anatomy or stone in urinary tract or kidney, widely used in obstetrics.

·      Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR): used for detection of chemicals such as phosphorus and calcium

·      Endoscope: Instrument used for internal examination by direct vision through a lighted tubes fitted with a system of lense.

 

Therapeutic Instrument

·      Pacemaker: It supplies electrical impulses to heart to maintain heartbeat as regular rate, pacemaker was invented by Chardack (1960) first heart pacemaker was designed by Wilson Great Batch, Lithium Halida battery provide for power over 10 years.

·      Medical Lasers: Lasers are high energy particles of light amplified by stimulated emission of radiation. Different types of lasers can be generated like Argon laser, Neon laser, Carbon dioxide laser.

·      Lasers are now commonly used in many kind of surgical operations, ophthalmology and Oncology.

·      Oxygenator (Heart Lung Machine): in 1953, the first open heart surgery was performed by using heart lung machine

·      Blood Dialyser (Artificial Kidney): The apparatus is elaborate and bulky and it is used for sustain kidney function when kidney fails.

·      Angioplasty: used to open blocked coronary artery vessel through ballooning

·      Angiography: An X-ray opaque dye is injected into arteries, and series of X-ray films are taken, diagnosis of heart wall, valves, ventricles, coronary arteries etc…

KERALA PSC / BIOLOGY / MEDICAL SCIENCE / INSTRUMENTS USED IN MEDICAL SCIENCE / NOTES / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY