KERALA PSC / CDPO / BIOLOGY / KIDNEYS AND DIALYSIS / NOTES / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY

 

KERALA PSC / CDPO / BIOLOGY / KIDNEYS AND DIALYSIS / NOTES / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY

KERALA PSC / CDPO / BIOLOGY / KIDNEYS AND DIALYSIS / NOTES / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY

·      The kidneys are the chief excretory organs of vertebrates.

·      The main purpose of the kidney is to separate urea, mineral salts, toxins, and other waste products from the blood.

·      Urea is removed from the blood by kidneys

·      The volume of urine produced in an adult human being for every 24 hours is 6.5 liters.

·      The functional unit of kidneys is called nephron

·      Nephritis is the inflammation of the kidney caused by the infection of streptococci

·      Presence of urea in the blood is called uremia

·      Kidneys are responsible for the removal of excess water, salts and waste products from the blood in the form of urine

·      Increased flow of urine is called diuresis and substances that increase the flow of urine is called diuretics.

·      Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH) or Vasopressin regulates the amount of water excreted in urine.

·      Deficiency of ADH results in the disease diabetes insipidus characterized by a large amount of water being removed through urine.

·      Dialysis is used in the case of a patient suffering from kidney trouble,

·      A dialysis unit is an artificial kidney which performs the functions of a normal kidney outside the body.

·      Dysuria is called painful Urination

·      The right kidney sits just below the diaphragm and posterior to the liver, the left below the diaphragm and posterior to the spleen.

·      Each adult kidney weighs between 125 and 170 grams in males and between 115 and 155 grams in females.

·      The kidney has a bean-shaped structure, each kidney has concave and convex surfaces.

·      Outer darker region pf kidney is named as cortex.

·      Inner pale region of each kidney is known as medulla

·      Urinary bladder and ureters are lined by transitional epithelium and hence are capable of being considerably stretched, when filled with urine.

·      Normal urine is about 95% water and 5% dissolved solids

·      Presence of glucose in urine is referred to glycosuria.

·      The kidneys excrete a variety of waste products produced by metabolism. These include the nitrogenous wastes urea, from protein catabolism and uric acid, from nucleic acid metabolism.

·      The kidneys secrete a variety of hormone including erythropoietin, calcitriol and renin.

·      At least one kidney must function properly for life to be maintained.

·      Nephropathy refers to damage to or disease of the kidney. An older term for this is nephrosis.

·      Diabetes is the most common cause of kidney failure, accounting for more than 40 percent of new cases. High blood pressure, or hypertension, is a major factor in the development of kidney problems in people with diabetes.

KERALA PSC / CDPO / BIOLOGY / KIDNEYS AND DIALYSIS / NOTES / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY