KERALA PSC / CDPO / BIOLOGY / ENDOCRINE GLANDS & HORMONES / NOTES / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY

 

KERALA PSC / CDPO / BIOLOGY / ENDOCRINE GLANDS & HORMONES / NOTES / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY

KERALA PSC / CDPO / BIOLOGY / ENDOCRINE GLANDS & HORMONES / NOTES / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY

·      Largest endocrine gland: Thyroid

·      Thyroid gland is popularly known as Adam’s Apple

·      Hormones are chemical substances produced by endocrine glands (ductless glands)

·      Endocrine hormone molecules are secreted (released) directly into the bloodstream, whereas exocrine hormones (or ectohormones) are secreted directly into a duct, and, from the duct, they flow either into the bloodstream or from cell to cell by diffusion in a process known as paracrine signaling.

·      Glands are the organs of the human body which manufacture some liquid products which are secreted from the cells. Types of glands: (i) Ducted glands: exocrine glands (ii) Ductless glands: endocrine glands

·      Ducted glands: secrete their product through well-defined ducts. For example:

Ø Liver: secretes bile in the stomach

Ø Lachrymal: secretes tears in the eyes

Ø Salivary: secretes saliva in the mouth

Ø Sweat glands: Secretes sweat, a watery fluid containing sodium chloride and urea through pores.

·      Deficiency of Parathyroid hormone (PTH) secreted by parathyroid gland causes tetany in which calcium level in blood decreases.

·      Adrenal glands are situated over the kidney

·      Adrenal gland has two parts: Adrenal cortex and Adrenal medulla

·      Blood pressure is controlled by Adrenal gland

·      Adrenal medulla produces two hormones – adrenalin and nor-adrenalin

·      Adrenal gland prepares the animal to fight or flight

·      Adrenaline hormone raises the rate of heart beat and blood pressure

·      The hormone secreted when a man gets feared is adrenaline

·      Deficiency of insulin leads to excess sugar in the blood and this sugar is excreted in the urine. This disease is known as diabetes mellitus (hyper glycemia)

·      The main function of insulin is to control the level of sugar in the body.

·      Pituitary gland is an endocrine gland attached to the base of the brain.

·      The pituitary gland is called ‘the master gland’ in the body because it controls all other endocrine glands present in the human body.

·      Water balance in the body is mainly controlled by the secretion of ADH (Anti Diuretic Hormone) by hypothalamus.

KERALA PSC / CDPO / BIOLOGY / ENDOCRINE GLANDS & HORMONES / NOTES / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY