KERALA PSC / CDPO / BIOLOGY / PHYSIOLOGY AND HEALTH / VITAMINS / NOTES / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY

 

KERALA PSC / CDPO / BIOLOGY / PHYSIOLOGY AND HEALTH / VITAMINS / NOTES / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY

KERALA PSC / CDPO / BIOLOGY / PHYSIOLOGY AND HEALTH / VITAMINS / NOTES / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY

·      Vitamin A, D, E, K are fat soluble whereas vitamin B complex and C are water soluble

·      Rich sources of vitamin A are leafy vegetables, animal fat, carrot, spinach, milk etc…

·      Severe deficiency of Vitamin A results in Xerophthalmia and Nightblindness.

·      Rich sources of vitamin B are cereals, eggs, fruits, liver, pulses

·      Vitamin C is found in oranges, lemon, vegetables and milk

·      Milk, egg, liver etc are rich sources of Vitamin E

·      Vitamin E is considered both as a Vitamin and hormone

·      The source of vitamin K is green leafy vegetables and fishes, pea etc…

·      Vitamin K is essential for blood coagulation

·      If milk is exposed to sunlight for a long time, vitamin B₂ will be lost.

·      Excessive intake of polished rice causes deficiency of B₁ (Thiamine)

·      Cow milk is a rich source of Vitamin A

·      Vitamin D, can also be synthesized in our body with the help of sunlight

·      Shark liver oil and cod liver oil are rich sources of Vitamin D

·      Vitamin B₁₂ (Cyanocobalamine) is a cobalt containing vitamin

·      Even though the amounts of vitamins required are small compared to other nutrients, it is very necessary. Otherwise several deficiency diseases are caused in the body.

·      The name ‘vitamin’ is coined by J.Funk (1912)

·      Milk is a rich source of all vitamins except Vitamin C

·      Vitamin D (in skin) and vitamin K (in liver) can be synthesized by our body.

·      Deficiency of protein, carbohydrates and fats results in protein – energy – malnutrition

·      Protein deficiency causes Kwashiorkor – skin cracks and become scaly, abdomen swells, hair become reddish.

·      Marasmus child show all above symptoms besides wasting of muscles.

·      Diseases restricted to a given region and arising from its specific environment condition are called endemic diseases. Eg: Goiter in sub-Himalayan region.

·      Pellagra is common amongst people living on a maize diet, because maize interferes with the absorption of niacin in body.

·      Overdose of water soluble vitamin does not cause any harm but accumulation of fat soluble vitamin can be toxic. It can lead to hypervitaminosis.

·      Vitamin A accumulate in liver while Vitamin D promotes high Ca+ absorption which damage the kidney where it is deposited

·      Vitamin A deficiency causes Night Blindness and Keratomalacia

·      Deficiency of Vitamin B₁ (Thiamine) causes Beri Beri

·      Vitamin B₃ (Niacin) deficiency causes Pellagra

·      Vitamin B₆ deficiency: Anemia

·      Vitamin C deficiency: Scurvy

·      Vitamin D deficiency: Rickets

 

Modes of Nutrition

·      Autotropic: Ability of organism to prepare its own food

·      Holophytic: Characteristic of plants whereby they prepare complex food substances using simple raw materials.

·      Heterotrophic: Organism is unable to prepare its own food

·      Holozoic: Mode of nutrition characteristic of animals whereby simple substances are obtained from complex food substances

·      Saprophytic: Absorbs nourishment from dead or decaying organic matter

·      Parasitic: Derives nutrition from living host without helping it in any way

·      Homodont dendition: Consists of only one type of teeth. They are used only for catching prey, as homodont does not chew their food. Eg: Snakes

·      Heterodont dendition: More than one type of teeth, differing in function, shape and function. Eg: Human

KERALA PSC / CDPO / BIOLOGY / PHYSIOLOGY AND HEALTH / VITAMINS / NOTES / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS / STUDY MATERIALS / GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / KERALA PSC PRELIMINARY